By Kullervo Kuusela
This quantity offers a close account of the rise in woodland assets in Europe during the last 40 years. the writer discusses the results of this enlargement for the longer term well-being and energy of the forests and for the commercial viability and environmental sustainability of the source. He advocates a rise in thinnings and regeneration cuttings, exchanging presently volatile tree species with actual climatic climax species, and shortening rotation a long time. the writer concludes that conserving the sustainability and biodiversity of Europe's woodland ecosystems could be accomplished by means of keeping the genetic range, density, age and future health balance of forests, maintaining biotopes of endangered species, and developing cultural biotopes and strictly safe average reserves.
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Extra info for Forest Resources in Europe 1950–1990
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15 39 Ownership of forest by countries and country groups in 1990 Country or country group Industry Public 1000 ha Finland Norway Sweden Denmark Germany W. Germany E. Poland Czechoslovakia Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg France Austria Switzerland Hungary Romania Portugal Spain Italy Yugoslavia Albania Bulgaria Greece Turkey Cyprus Israel 5275 1392 7038 127 4092 2044 7201 4009 332 946 159 273 38 3514 703 766 1666 6190 264 3250 2698 5744 1046 3386 1946 8812 1000 ha 26 16 29 27 54 70 83 89 84 43 48 44 45 27 18 68 99 100 9 39 40 69 100 1753 5713 9 4 23 184 350 7 4 15 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 346 127 100 100 77 100 91 98 Northern Central Atlantic Sub-Atlantic Alpic Pannonic Mediterranean W.
Relieving this burden and rearranging the ownership conditions restricts the application of effective management regimes and working methods in all the former East European socialist countries. The reorganization of forestry will obviously take more time than was expected some years ago. 10 Conclusions to Chapter 2 1. The quality, consistency and reliability of recorded estimates have considerably improved since 1950. This positive development of forest resources culminated in the 1980 Assessment and retrogressed to some extent in the Assessment of 1990.
M3 40 T \ 1—I—\—I—\ 1981 Fig. m3 Mediterranean M. mill. m3 Mediterranean W. 1981 1986 29 1991 mill. m3 Mediterranean E. 1981 1986 mill. m3 Europe 400 T 25-I 1991 300- 20 200 15 10 100 5 0 1981 1986 1991 1981 1986 1991 : Coniferous pulpwood, pitprops and other industrial roundwood Coniferous sawlogs ; Broadleaved pulpwood, pitprops and other industrial roundwood Broadleaved sawlogs Coniferous and broadleaved fuelwood Fig. 7 Continued 30 Wood resources and harvests by country croups The trend of removals in Europe during the 1980s was a steady although relatively small increase.