By Karl Popper
Conjectures and Refutations is certainly one of Karl Popper's such a lot wide-ranging and renowned works, outstanding not just for its acute perception into the best way clinical wisdom grows, but in addition for using these insights to politics and to heritage. It offers one of many clearest and such a lot obtainable statements of the elemental concept that guided his paintings: not just our wisdom, yet our goals and our criteria, develop via an never-ending means of trial and mistake.
Read Online or Download Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge PDF
Best epistemology books
Internalism and Epistemology is a strong articulation and safeguard of a classical solution to an everlasting query: what's the nature of rational trust? against triumphing philosophical type, the booklet argues that epistemic externalism leads, not only to skepticism, yet to epistemic nihilism - the denial of the very chance of justification.
Perception (Central Problems of Philosophy)
The philosophical matters raised via belief make it one of many vital subject matters within the philosophical culture. Debate in regards to the nature of perceptual wisdom and the gadgets of belief contains a thread that runs throughout the historical past of philosophy. In a few old classes the foremost concerns were predominantly epistemological and concerning scepticism, yet an sufficient figuring out of notion is necessary extra largely, in particular for metaphysics and the philosophy of brain.
Franz Brentano’s Analysis of Truth
Franz Brentano 1 was once a tremendous thinker, yet for a very long time his significance used to be under-estimated. no less than within the English conversing nations, he got here to be remembered most sensible because the initiator of a philoso phical place which he in reality deserted for sturdy and enough 2 purposes. His final and most crucial contributions handed nearly not noted.
After Popper, Kuhn and Feyerabend: Recent Issues in Theories of Scientific Method
A few imagine that concerns to do with clinical strategy are final century's stale debate; Popper used to be an suggest of method, yet Kuhn, Feyerabend, and others are imagined to have introduced the talk approximately its prestige to an finish. The papers during this quantity convey that concerns in technique are nonetheless a great deal alive.
- Language and ''the Feminine'' in Nietzsche and Heidegger (A Midland Book)
- Evolution's First Philosopher: John Dewey and the Continuity of Nature
- Truth (Central Problems of Philosophy)
- Social Epistemology
- Kant's Model of the Mind: A New Interpretation of Transcendental Idealism
Additional info for Conjectures and refutations: the growth of scientific knowledge
Example text
We have been given eyes to see the truth, and the 'natural light' of reason to see it by. This doctrine is at the heart of the teaching of both Descartes and Bacon. Descartes based his optimistic epistemology on the important theory of the veracitas dei. What we clearly and distinctly see to be true must indeed be true; for otherwise God would be deceiving us. Thus the truthfulness of God must make truth manifest. In Bacon we have a similar doctrine. It might be described as the doctrine of the veracitas naturae, the truthfulness of Nature.
It is a case of a bad idea inspiring many good ones. VI This false epistemology, however, has also led to disastrous consequences. The theory that truth is manifest--that it is there for everyone to see, if only he wants to see it--this theory is the basis of almost every kind of fanaticism. For only the most depraved wickedness can refuse to see the manifest truth; only those who have every reason to fear truth can deny it, and conspire to suppress it. Yet the theory that truth is manifest not only breeds fanatics--men possessed by the conviction that all those who do not see the manifest truth must be possessed by the devil--but it may also lead, though perhaps less directly than does a pessimistic epistemology, to authoritarianism.
This may stem from Xenophanes' doctrine that all human knowledge is guesswork, and that his own theories are, at best, merely similar to the truth. 4 ) The idea of an epistemological fall of man can perhaps be found, as Karl Reinhardt suggested, in those words of the goddess that mark the transition from the way of truth to the way of delusive opinion. 5 But you also shall learn how it was that delusive opinion, Forcing its way through all things, was destined to pass for the real . . Now of this world thus arranged to seem wholly like truth I shall tell you; Then you will be nevermore overawed by the notions of mortals.